Deciphering SMTP Error Codes: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Email Delivery Status

 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) error codes are essential for diagnosing email delivery issues. They provide detailed information about the status of an email delivery attempt. Here's a comprehensive breakdown of SMTP error codes:

1. 2xx Success:

  •      211: System status, or system help reply.
  •      214: Help message (Information on how to use the receiver or the meaning of a particular non-standard command).
  •      220: <domain> Service ready.
  •      221: <domain> Service closing transmission channel.
  •      250: Requested mail action okay, completed.
  •      251: User not local; will forward to <forward-path>.
  •      252: Cannot VRFY user, but will accept message and attempt delivery.

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2. 3xx Redirection:

  •      354: Start mail input; end with <CRLF>.<CRLF>.

3. 4xx Transient Failure:

  •      421: <domain> Service not available, closing transmission channel.
  •      450: Requested mail action not taken: mailbox unavailable.
  •      451: Requested action aborted: error in processing.
  •      452: Requested action not taken: insufficient system storage.






4. 5xx Permanent Failure:

  •      500: Syntax error, command unrecognised.
  •      501: Syntax error in parameters or arguments.
  •      502: Command not implemented.
  •      503: Bad sequence of commands.
  •      504: Command parameter not implemented.
  •      550: Requested action not taken: mailbox unavailable.
  •      551: User not local; please try <forward-path>.
  •      552: Requested mail action aborted: exceeded storage allocation.
  •      553: Requested action not taken: mailbox name not allowed.
  •      554: Transaction failed.








Each code indicates a specific condition related to the email delivery process. For instance, codes in the 4xx range denote transient failures, meaning the problem may be temporary and can potentially be resolved by retrying the operation later. On the other hand, codes in the 5xx range signify permanent failures, indicating that the email delivery attempt has failed, and no further attempts should be made without addressing the underlying issue.

Understanding these error codes is crucial for diagnosing and resolving email delivery problems efficiently. They provide valuable feedback to both senders and system administrators, helping them take appropriate actions to ensure successful email communication.


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